Effects of buried environment on corrosion of iron artifacts excavated from Heijo Palace Site; Examination of the chloride salt accumulation inside of an iron artifact in soil

Yanagida, Akinobu*; Ura, Yoko*; Mitsui, Seiichiro; Ishidera, Takamitsu; Kawakita, Ryohei

Nara Bunkazai Kenkyujo Soritsu 70-Shunen Kinen Rombunshu; Bunkazai Ronso 5, p.843 - 856, 2023/03

To investigate chloride salt accumulation inside an iron artifact in soil, non-destructive analysis of three iron artifacts excavated from the Heijo Palace Site was conducted using elemental mapping by X-ray fluorescence analysis, micro-X-ray diffraction analysis, and X-ray computed tomography. Furthermore, the buried environments of the artifacts were presumed based on the previous reports of the environmental investigation at the Heijo Palace site. The results revealed the iron artifact's corrosion behavior was different individually- (1) the iron artifact that was presumed buried under oxidation environments had a goethite/magnetite corrosion layer and contained akageneite inside the corrosion layer. (2) the metal of the other iron artifacts buried under the oxidation environment had eluted absolutely and the artifacts had a rust layer formed by only goethite. (3) the other artifact buried in reduction environments had a rust layer composed of siderite. Accumulation of chloride salts inside an iron artifact was observed only in (1). Because each Cl concentration measured in underground water observation holes at the Heijo Palace Site showed almost the same level concentrations, it was presumed that the accumulation of chloride salts depended on the environmental factor except for Cl concentration. Based on these results, there was a possibility that the occurrence of local corrosion attributed to the separation of anodic and cathodic regions through the formation of the goethite/magnetite rust layer caused chloride salts accumulation inside an iron artifact.

Impact assessment of density change on the buffer material on the coupled thermal-hydraulic and mechanical (THM) behavior in the near-field (Contract research)

Suzuki, Hideaki*; Takayama, Yusuke

JAEA-Research 2020-015, 52 Pages, 2020/12

JAEA-Research-2020-015.pdf:3.83MB

It is anticipated that the coupled thermal hydraulic and mechanical (THM) processes will occur, involving an interactive process with radioactive decay heat arising from the vitrified waste, infiltration of groundwater from the host rock into the buffer material, swelling pressure of buffer material due to its saturation in the near-field of a geological disposal system for high-level radioactive waste repository. In order to evaluate these phenomena in the near-field, the THM model has been developed. In this report, the density dependence of thermal, hydraulic and mechanical properties of the buffer material was investigated to evaluate the near-field environment. These density dependence schemes were added to the coupled THM model. The THM analysis of the in-situ experiment of engineered barrier system (EBS) experiment at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory was carried out. As a result, the effect of the density change of the buffer material on the temperature and infiltration behavior of buffer material was found. A case analysis on the long-term behavior of the near field was also carried out. Then, the behavior that the buffer material swelled out toward the backfill material and the density of the buffer material decreasing was shown.

Long-term alteration of bentonite; For safety evaluation of deep geological disposal

Tanaka, Tadao; Sakamoto, Yoshifumi; Yamaguchi, Tetsuji; Takazawa, Mayumi; Akai, Masanobu; Negishi, Kumi; Iida, Yoshihisa; Nakayama, Shinichi

JAERI-Conf 2005-007, p.105 - 110, 2005/08

https://jopss.jaea.go.jp/pdfdata/JAERI-Conf-2005-007.pdf

Highly alkaline environments induced by cementitious materials in radioactive waste repositories are likely to dissolve and to alter montmorillonite, the main constituent of bentonite buffer materials. For the prediction of the long-term variations in permeability of compacted sand-bentonite mixtures, long-term alteration of bentonite should be quantified based on information accumulated by using the compacted or powdered bentonite materials, with batch experiments or column experiments. In this study, we summarize distinctive information obtained from various experimental systems, and propose functional and effective integration of experimental approaches to prediction of bentonite alteration.

Modeling of variation in permeability of compacted bentonite with alkaline fluid for long-term safety assessment of geological disposal system

Takazawa, Mayumi; Yamaguchi, Tetsuji; Sakamoto, Yoshifumi; Akai, Masanobu; Tanaka, Tadao; Nakayama, Shinichi

NUMO-TR-04-05, p.A3_59 - A3_62, 2004/10

no abstracts in English

Passivation condition of carbon steel in bentonite/sand mixture

Taniguchi, Naoki; Kawakami, Susumu; *

JNC TN8400 2001-025, 27 Pages, 2002/03

JNC-TN8400-2001-025.pdf:1.16MB

It is essential to understand the corrosion type of carbon steel under the repository conditions for the lifetime assessment of carbon steel overpack used for geological isolation of high-level radioactive waste. According to the previous study, carbon steel is hard to passivate in buffer material assuming a chemical condition range of groundwater in Japan. However, concrete support will be constructed around the overpack in the case of repository in the soft rock system and groundwater having a higher pH may infiltrate to buffer material. There is a possibility that the corrosion type of carbon steel will be influenced by the rise of the pH in groundwater. In this study, anodic polarization experiments were performed to understand the passivation condition of carbon steel in buffer material saturated with water contacted with concrete. An ordinary concrete and a low-alkalinity concrete were used in the experiment. The results of the experiments showed that the carbon steel can passivate under the condition that water having pH 13 infiltrate to the buffer material assuming present property of buffer material. If the low-alkalinity concrete is selected as the support material, passivation can not occur on carbon steel overpack. The effect of the factors of buffer material such as dry density and mixing ratio of sand on the passivation of carbon steel was also studied. The results of the study showed that the present property of buffer material is enough to prevent passivation of carbon steel.

Long-term effect of creep displacement of host-rock on stability of engineered barrier system for TRU waste; Two-dimensional analysis by the non-linear viscoelasticity model

Aoyagi, Takayoshi*; *; Mihara, Morihiro; Okutsu, Kazuo*; Maeda, Munehiro*

JNC TN8400 2001-024, 103 Pages, 2001/06

JNC-TN8400-2001-024.pdf:8.84MB

In the disposal concept of TRU waste, concentrated disposal of wastes forms in large cross-section underground cavities is envisaged, because most of TRU waste is no-heat producing in spite of large generated volume as compared with HLW. In the design of engineered barrier system based on large cross-section cavities, it is necessary to consider the long-term mechanical process such as creep displacement of the host rock from the viewpoint of the stability of engineered barrier system. In this study, the long-term creep displacement of the host rock was calculated using the non-linear viscoelasticity model and the effects on the stability of engineered barrier system was evaluated. As a result, in the disposal concept of crystalline rock, no creep displacement occurred at the time after 1 milion year. On the other hand, in the disposal concept of sedimentary rock, creep displacement of 8090mm occurred at the time after 1 milion year. Also, in this calculation, a maximum reduction of 45mm concerned with the thickness of buffer material was estimated. But these values resulted within allowance of design values. Therefore, these results show that the effects of the creep displacement on the stability of engieered barrier system would not be significant.

Experimental investigations of the effect of alkali fluids on montmorillonite, albite and quartz

JNC TN8400 2001-008, 36 Pages, 2001/03

JNC-TN8400-2001-008.pdf:2.92MB

Research on geologic disposal of high-level radioactive waste(HLW) has been underway in many countries. Bentonite exhibiting a low permeability, high swelling property and high sorption capacity for many radioelements is proposed as a buffer material in many countlies. Recently, cementitious materials are considered as candidate matelials for the geologic disposal of high-level radioactive waste. As the pH and the Ca, Na, K contents of hyperalkaline pore water from the cementitious materials are high, this hyperalkaline pore water would alter the buffer material. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of alkaline pore water into the bentonite. Used materials are montmorillonite, albite and quartz composing bentonite. These minerals mixed in a constant ratio (1:1wt%) made to react to distilled water and the alkali solutions (pH11-13). These studies have been conducted at temperatures of 50 - 150C and run times of 10 - 200 day. XRD(X-ray powder diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analyses were applied to studying the structure and quantitative data of each sample. From the result of this study, the main formed mineral of this experiment was analcime, which showed the tendency with a large amount of generation at a higher pH and temperature. Quantitative data of this study was conducted by X-ray powder diffraction method. THe order of the amount of the second analcime in each experiment is shown in the following. Montmorillonite and albite mixing test Montmorillonite test Montmorillonite and quartz mixing test Activation energies (E) using the quantitative data of each test are shown in the following. (1)Montmorillonite test : 54.9kJ/mol (2)Montmorillonite and albite mixing test : 51.9kJ/mol (3)Montmorillonite and quartz mixing test : 59.6kJ/mol

Experimental study of gas generation by microorganism

Mine, Tatsuya*; Mihara, Morihiro;

JNC TN8430 2000-010, 27 Pages, 2000/07

JNC-TN8430-2000-010.pdf:0.72MB

In the geological disposal system of the radioactive wastes, gas generation by microorganism could be significant for the assessment of this system, because organic material included in groundwater, buffer material and wastes might serve as carbon sources for microorganisms. In this study, gas generation tests using microorganisms were carried out under anaerobic condition. The amount of methane and carbon dioxide that were generated by activity of Methane Producing Bacteria (MPB) were measured with humic acid, acetic acid and cellulose as carbon sources. The results showed that methane was not generated from humic acid by activity of MPB. However, in the case of using acetic acid and cellulose, methane was generated, but at high pH condition (pH=10), the amount of generated methane was lower than at low pH (pH=7). It was not clear whether the pH would affect the amount of generated carbon dioxide.

None

*

JNC TN1400 2000-004, 93 Pages, 2000/07

JNC-TN1400-2000-004.pdf:4.27MB

None

Development of the evaluation methodology for earthquake resistance of the engineered barrier system (III)

Mori, Koji*; Neyama, Atsushi*; Nakagawa, Koichi*

JNC TJ8400 2000-064, 175 Pages, 2000/03

JNC-TJ8400-2000-064.pdf:5.23MB

In this study, the following tasks have been performed in order to evaluate the stability of earthquake resistance for the engineered barrier system(EBS) of High Level Waste (HLW) geological isolation system. (1)validation studies for the liquefaction model. The function of single-phase analysis without interaction between soil and pore water in three-dimensional effective stress analysis code, which had been developed in this study, have been verified using by actual vibration test data. This fiscal year, some validation studies for the function of liquefaction analysis was conducted usig by actual measured data through the laboratory liquefaction test. (2)Supplemental Studies for JNC Second Progress Report. Through the JNC second progress report, it was considered that the stability of earthquake resistance of the engineered barrier system would be maintained under the major seismic event. At the same time we have recognized that several model parameters for joint-crack element, which takes into account for the response behavior of material discontinuous surface such as between overpack and buffer material, will become important in the response behavior of the whole EBS. This year, we have studied about several topics, which arise from technical discussion on JNC second progress report and we have discussed about total seismic stability of EBS. (3)Supplemental Studies for joint study with NRIDP. At this fiscal year, the joint study with National Research Institute for Disaster Prevention (NRIDP) will be final stage. UP to this day, incremental validation studies had been continued using by mesuared data obtained from vibration test. In this final stage, validation analysis has been conducted again using by current version new analysis code and maintained the validation data which will be contribute to the joint study mentioned above.